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density of air
The density of air, ρ (Greek: rho) (air density), is the mass per unit volume of Earth's atmosphere. Air density, like air pressure, decreases with increasing altitude. It also changes with variation in temperature or humidity. At sea level and at 15 °C air has a density of approximately 1.225 kg/m3 (0.001225 g/cm3, 0.0023769 slug/ft3, 0.0765 lbm/ft3) according to ISA (International Standard Atmosphere).
The air density is a property used in many branches of science as aeronautics;〔Olson, Wayne M. (2000) AFFTC-TIH-99-01, Aircraft Performance Flight〕〔ICAO, Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (extended to 80 kilometres (262 500 feet)), Doc 7488-CD, Third Edition, 1993, ISBN 92-9194-004-6.〕〔Grigorie, T.L., Dinca, L., Corcau J-I. and Grigorie, O. (2010) Aircrafts’ Altitude Measurement Using Pressure Information:Barometric Altitude and Density Altitude〕 gravimetric analysis;〔A., Picard, R.S., Davis, M., Gläser and K., Fujii (CIPM-2007) Revised formula for the density of moist air〕 the air-conditioning〔S. Herrmann, H.-J. Kretzschmar, and D.P. Gatley (2009), ASHRAE RP-1485 Final Report〕 industry; atmospheric research and meteorology;〔F.R. Martins, R.A. Guarnieri e E.B. Pereira, (2007) O aproveitamento da energia eólica (The wind energy resource).〕〔Andrade, R.G., Sediyama, G.C., Batistella, M., Victoria, D.C., da Paz, A.R., Lima, E.P., Nogueira, S.F. (2009) Mapeamento de parâmetros biofísicos e da evapotranspiração no Pantanal usando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto〕〔Marshall,John and Plumb,R. Alan (2008), Atmosphere, ocean, and climate dynamics: an introductory text ISBN 978-0-12-558691-7.〕 the agricultural engineering in their modeling and tracking of Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) models;〔Pollacco, J. A., and B. P. Mohanty (2012), Uncertainties of Water Fluxes in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer Models: Inverting Surface Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration Retrieved from Remote Sensing, Vadose Zone Journal, 11(3), doi:10.2136/vzj2011.0167.〕〔Shin, Y., B. P. Mohanty, and A.V.M. Ines (2013), Estimating Effective Soil Hydraulic Properties Using Spatially Distributed Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration, Vadose Zone Journal, 12(3), doi:10.2136/vzj2012.0094.〕〔Saito, H., J. Simunek, and B. P. Mohanty (2006), Numerical Analysis of Coupled Water, Vapor, and Heat Transport in the Vadose Zone, Vadose Zone J. 5: 784-800.〕 and the engineering community that deals with compressed air〔Perry, R.H. and Chilton, C.H., eds., Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1973.〕 from industry utility, heating, dry and cooling process〔 in industry like a cooling towers, vacuum and deep vacuum processes,〔 high pressure processes,〔 the gas and light oil combustion processes〔〔 that power our turbine-powered airplanes, gas turbine-powered generators and heating furnaces, and air conditioning〔 from deep mines to space capsules.
==Density of air calculations==
Depending on the measuring instruments, use, area of expertise and necessary rigor of the result different calculation criteria and sets of equations for the calculation of the density of air are used. This topic are some examples of calculations with the main variables involved, the amounts presented throughout these examples are properly referenced usual values, different values can be found in other references depending on the criteria used for the calculation . Furthermore we must pay attention to the fact that air is a mixture of gases and the calculation always simplify, to a greater or lesser extent, the properties of the mixture and the values for the composition according to the criteria of calculation.〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔〔
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